Caucasus, Azerbaijan & Anatolia
Soumak Garden Grid With Birds And Animals
Soumak Rugs
A Verneh-type soumak in the Caucasian/Azerbaijani tradition, laid out as a garden grid of small compartments framed in indigo and rust, each enclosing a stylised bird, grazing animal or budding tree-of-life. The dense zoomorphic repeat and S-hooks recall Shahsavan and Shirvan dowry weavings. Naturally dyed handspun wool in madder, indigo and saffron is weft-wrapped in soumak flat-weave, producing a richly detailed, narrative cloth with a warm tribal feel.
The tradition
Caucasus, Azerbaijan & Anatolia
Soumak is one of the oldest flat-weaving techniques of the Caucasus and Central Asia, its name often linked to the town of Shamakhi in Azerbaijan. Unlike a knotted pile carpet, a soumak is built by wrapping the coloured weft yarns over and around the warp threads, producing a flat, hard-wearing surface with a distinctive herringbone-like texture on the front and loose floating threads on the back.
At Hunza Carpet the soumak loom carries both the classic vocabulary of the Caucasus — Shahsavan, Verneh and Shirvan designs — and original Hunza compositions drawn from the valley's own embroidery, so a single shelf can hold an Azerbaijani medallion piece beside an ibex design that belongs only to the Karakoram.
Motifs & meaning
Reading the design
Soumak designs are emblematic rather than pictorial: bold medallions, hooked diamonds and rows of stylised creatures, each carrying meaning passed down through generations of weavers.
Stepped medallion
Central authority and protection of the home.
Hooked diamond (latch-hook)
Warding off the evil eye and misfortune.
S-form / dragon
An ancient Caucasian guardian motif tied to water and fertility.
Running-dog border
Continuity and a protective boundary around the field.
Ibex (Hunza design)
The wild mountain goat of the Karakoram — strength and surefootedness.
Materials & technique
How it is made
Worked in naturally dyed, handspun wool on a wool foundation. The weft-wrapping technique gives a flat, reversible-feeling face that is dense and durable, prized for floors and equally at home on a wall.
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